As an economist at the University of Chicago, his research on labor and capital led him to advocate formation of a U.S. Labor Party, and propelled him into politics. He was elected alderman from Chicago’s 5th Ward in 1939.

Four years later, during World War II, Douglas enlisted in the Marine Corps. At age 50, serving in the Pacific, he was wounded twice and was awarded a Bronze Star for heroism. Returning home in 1948, he reentered politics, trouncing incumbent U.S. Senator C. Wayland Brooks. Characteristic of the lopsided campaign, when Brooks refused to debate, Douglas addressed an empty chair.

A forward-thinking politician with high ideals, Douglas was frequently ahead of his time. He proposed campaign finance reform in the 1940s
and worked on both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Douglas lived at 5650 South Blackstone Street for much of his life.